十四、 SpringMVC 执行流程

1. SpringMVC 常用组件

  • DispatcherServlet:前端控制器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
    • 作用:统一处理请求和响应,整个流程控制的中心,由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求
  • HandlerMapping:处理器映射器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
    • 作用:根据请求的url、method等信息查找Handler,即控制器方法
  • Handler:处理器,需要工程师开发
    • 作用:在DispatcherServlet的控制下Handler对具体的用户请求进行处理
  • HandlerAdapter:处理器适配器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
    • 作用:通过HandlerAdapter对处理器(控制器方法)进行执行
  • ViewResolver:视图解析器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
    • 作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:ThymeleafView、InternalResourceView、RedirectView
  • View:视图
    • 作用:将模型数据通过页面展示给用户

2. DispatcherServlet 初始化过程

DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet,所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。所以宏观上是 Servlet生命周期来进行调度。

图片[1]-十四、 SpringMVC 执行流程-深吸氧

2.1 初始化WebApplicationContext

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
    WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
    WebApplicationContext wac = null;
    if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
        wac = this.webApplicationContext;
        if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
            ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)wac;
            if (!cwac.isActive()) {
                if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
                    cwac.setParent(rootContext);
                }

                this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
            }
        }
    }

    if (wac == null) {
        wac = this.findWebApplicationContext();
    }

    if (wac == null) {
        // 创建WebApplicationContext
        wac = this.createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
    }

    if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
        synchronized(this.onRefreshMonitor) {
            // 刷新WebApplicationContext
            this.onRefresh(wac);
        }
    }

    if (this.publishContext) {
        // 将IOC容器在应用域共享
        String attrName = this.getServletContextAttributeName();
        this.getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
    }

    return wac;
}

2.2 创建WebApplicationContext

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
    Class<?> contextClass = this.getContextClass();
    if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException("Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + this.getServletName() + "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() + "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
    } else {
        // 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象
        ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
        wac.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());
        // 设置父容器
        wac.setParent(parent);
        String configLocation = this.getContextConfigLocation();
        if (configLocation != null) {
            wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
        }

        this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
        return wac;
    }
}

2.3 DispatcherServlet 初始化策略

FrameworkServlet创建WebApplicationContext后,刷新容器,调用onRefresh(wac),此方法在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写,调用了initStrategies(context)方法,初始化策略,即初始化DispatcherServlet的各个组件

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    initMultipartResolver(context);
    initLocaleResolver(context);
    initThemeResolver(context);
    initHandlerMappings(context);
    initHandlerAdapters(context);
    initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    initViewResolvers(context);
    initFlashMapManager(context);
}

3. DispatcherServlet 调用组件处理请求

3.1 processRequest()

FrameworkServlet 重写 HttpServlet中的 service() 和 doXxx(),这些方法中调用了 processRequest(request, response)

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    Throwable failureCause = null;
    LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
    LocaleContext localeContext = this.buildLocaleContext(request);
    RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
    ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = this.buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
    WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
    asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new FrameworkServlet.RequestBindingInterceptor());
    this.initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);

    try {
        // 执行服务,doService()是一个抽象方法,在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写
        this.doService(request, response);
    } catch (IOException | ServletException var16) {
        failureCause = var16;
        throw var16;
    } catch (Throwable var17) {
        failureCause = var17;
        throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", var17);
    } finally {
        this.resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
        if (requestAttributes != null) {
            requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
        }

        this.logResult(request, response, (Throwable)failureCause, asyncManager);
        this.publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, (Throwable)failureCause);
    }

}

3.2 doService()

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    logRequest(request);
    Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
    if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
        attributesSnapshot = new HashMap();
        Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
        while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
            if (this.cleanupAfterInclude ||
                    attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
                attributesSnapshot.put(attrName,
                        request.getAttribute(attrName));
            }
        }
    }

    request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
    request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
    request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
    request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
    if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
        FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
        if (inputFlashMap != null) {
            request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
        }
        request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
        request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
    }
    RequestPath requestPath = null;
    if (this.parseRequestPath && !ServletRequestPathUtils.hasParsedRequestPath(request)) {
        requestPath = ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request);
    }
    try {
        // 处理请求和响应
        doDispatch(request, response);
    }
    finally {
        if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
                restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
            }
        }
        if (requestPath != null) {
            ServletRequestPathUtils.clearParsedRequestPath(request);
        }
    }
}

3.3 doDispatch()

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
    HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
    boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
    WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

    try {
        try {
            ModelAndView mv = null;
            Object dispatchException = null;

            try {
                processedRequest = this.checkMultipart(request);
                multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request;
                /*
                   mappedHandler:调用链包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex
                   handler:浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法
                   interceptorList:处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合
                   interceptorIndex:拦截器索引,控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行
               */
                mappedHandler = this.getHandler(processedRequest);
                if (mappedHandler == null) {
                    this.noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                    return;
                }

                // 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器,调用所对应的控制器方法
                HandlerAdapter ha = this.getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
                String method = request.getMethod();
                boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
                if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
                    long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                    if ((new ServletWebRequest(request, response)).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                        return;
                    }
                }

                // 调用拦截器的preHandle()
                if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                    return;
                }

                // 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法,最终获得ModelAndView对象
                mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                    return;
                }

                this.applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
                // 调用拦截器的postHandle()
                mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
            } catch (Exception var20) {
                dispatchException = var20;
            } catch (Throwable var21) {
                dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", var21);
            }
            // 后续处理:处理模型数据和渲染视图
            this.processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, (Exception)dispatchException);
        } catch (Exception var22) {
            this.triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, var22);
        } catch (Throwable var23) {
            this.triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", var23));
        }

    } finally {
        if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            if (mappedHandler != null) {
                mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
            }
        } else if (multipartRequestParsed) {
            this.cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
        }

    }
}

3.4 processDispatchResult()

private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv, @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
    boolean errorView = false;
    if (exception != null) {
        if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
            logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
            mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
        }
        else {
            Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
            mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
            errorView = (mv != null);
        }
    }

    if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
        // 处理模型数据和渲染视图
        render(mv, request, response);
        if (errorView) {
            WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
        }
    }
    if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
        return;
    }
    if (mappedHandler != null) {
        // 调用拦截器的afterCompletion()
        mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
    }
}

4. SpringMVC 的执行流程

1. 用户向服务器发送请求,请求被SpringMVC 前端控制器 DispatcherServlet捕获。

2. DispatcherServlet对请求URL进行解析,得到请求资源标识符(URI),判断请求URI对应的映射:

A. 不存在

a. 再判断是否配置了mvc:default-servlet-handler

b. 如果没配置,则控制台报映射查找不到,客户端展示404错误

图片[2]-十四、 SpringMVC 执行流程-深吸氧
图片[3]-十四、 SpringMVC 执行流程-深吸氧

c. 如果有配置,则访问目标资源(一般为静态资源,如:JS,CSS,HTML),找不到客户端也会展示404错误

图片[4]-十四、 SpringMVC 执行流程-深吸氧
图片[5]-十四、 SpringMVC 执行流程-深吸氧

B. 存在则执行下面的流程

3. 根据该URI,调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain执行链对象的形式返回。

4. DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。

5. 如果成功获得HandlerAdapter,此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(…)方法【正向】

6. 提取Request中的模型数据,填充Handler入参,开始执行Handler(Controller)方法,处理请求。在填充Handler的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作:

  • HttpMessageConveter: 将请求消息(如Json、xml等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息
  • 数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等
  • 数据格式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
  • 数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中

7. Handler执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象。

8. 此时将开始执行拦截器的postHandle(…)方法【逆向】。

9. 根据返回的ModelAndView(此时会判断是否存在异常:如果存在异常,则执行HandlerExceptionResolver进行异常处理)选择一个适合的ViewResolver进行视图解析,根据Model和View,来渲染视图。

10. 渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的afterCompletion(…)方法【逆向】。

11. 将渲染结果返回给客户端。

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